U.S. Restrictions Target China’s C919 Jet, a Symbol of National Ambition

The recent U.S. decision to limit the export of American aerospace technology to China reflects growing concerns in Washington about the involvement of U.S. companies in enabling China to develop a commercial aircraft rivaling Boeing.

China founded the state-owned Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (COMAC) in 2008 with the ambition of launching a single-aisle commercial jet by 2016.

Despite substantial support from American and European aerospace firms, COMAC’s development of the C919 has been slow, with the aircraft only entering commercial service in 2023. The company operates from expansive, newly constructed hangars and design centers in Shanghai.

The C919 is a source of national pride for Beijing. Official state media has described the plane as a “pillar of great power,” highlighting its role in advancing civil aviation technology and promoting the integration of military and civilian aerospace capabilities.

The aircraft also represents a period in Sino-American relations when many in the United States believed that deepening economic ties could foster democratic reforms in China and reduce geopolitical tensions. During that time, numerous American and European companies eagerly partnered with COMAC to support the C919 project.

However, the political landscape has shifted significantly since Xi Jinping assumed leadership in 2012. Under his guidance, China has accelerated its military expansion and adopted a more assertive stance on contentious issues such as Taiwan and the South China Sea.