South Korea’s Incoming President Faces a Nation Deeply Divided Amid Global Uncertainty

South Korea’s presidential election on Tuesday represents a critical step toward restoring stability following months of political upheaval. However, the victor—whether it is the progressive frontrunner Lee Jae-myung or his conservative opponent Kim Moon-soo—will inherit a country grappling with deep crises.

The nation’s economic expansion has slowed significantly, accompanied by a widening income disparity. It faces one of the world’s highest suicide rates and the lowest birthrates. Moreover, South Korea is more politically fragmented than ever, divided along ideological lines, generational gaps, and gender divides. The president-elect is unlikely to gain acceptance from substantial segments of this polarized society.

Externally, South Korea confronts significant threats and diplomatic challenges. North Korea continues to enhance its nuclear capabilities with hostile intentions. Moscow’s defense pact with Pyongyang and its assistance in modernizing the North’s military further complicate the security landscape. Meanwhile, the United States questions the financial burden of maintaining troops on the Korean Peninsula and has imposed steep tariffs on key South Korean exports such as automobiles and steel.

South Korea must also mend its strained relationship with China—its largest trading partner—to boost exports and economic recovery. At the same time, Washington, its sole military ally, urges Seoul to join efforts aimed at containing China’s influence.

Lee Jae-myung, the leading Democratic candidate, acknowledged the severity of the situation, stating, “We face a daunting and complex crisis. Our task is to transform these challenges into opportunities.”